Spiritual Formation Across the Lifespan Essay - 7723 Words

CHAPTER 9 SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Hope Haslam Straughan Within the social work profession, there is a growing movement affirming that spirituality and religious beliefs are integral to the nature of the person and have a vital influence on human behavior (Hugen, 1998). Canda (1988) identifies spirituality as a basic aspect of human experience, both within and outside the context of religious institutions. If a social worker is going to approach a person in a holistic manner, he or she must be willing to consider each person as a wondrous compilation of bio-psycho-social-spiritual elements. In this way, workers will have an extremely broad base from which to approach the strength and resiliency in the people with whom they interact.†¦show more content†¦These ideas, often building upon the familiar concepts of the stage-based developmental patterns, will be presented in a later portion of this chapter. Social workers commonly work within community-serving agencies, while seeking to help people who often have few choices about the conditions under which essential human needs are met. In this role, we must ensure that every protection is given the client and that his or her helplessness is not exploited (Spencer, 1961). â€Å"Certainly, in the light of the high value the social work profession has always placed upon the client’s right to solve his [or her] own problems in the way that seems right to him [or her], it is assumed that any considerations of the social worker’s role in the area of religion would be set in this context† (pp. 519-520). Definitions The roots of social work contain many religious and spiritually based components, lending motivation, direction, foundation, and location for social service provision. When approaching the issue of spiritual Spiritual Development 147 development and the impact of this on an individual, family, group, community or organization, it is crucial to define the terms that create the backbone for this important discussion. Sue Spencer (1961) was one of the first to attempt to define religion and spirituality from the perspective of a social worker. She identified three major hurdles experienced by those desiringShow MoreRelatedSpiritual Formation1595 Words   |  7 PagesSPIRITUAL FORMATION THROUGHOUT THE LIFESPAN BY SOMMER BARNES LIBERTY UNIVERSITY ONLINE Abstract In this research paper, I will try to illustrate my hypothesis of spiritual formation throughout the lifespan by using my interpretation of a collection of theories. The theories I will refer to include Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory, Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory, and Kohlberg’s Development of Moral Reasoning Theory. In Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, he develops a theory of cognitiveRead MoreThe Role Of Leisure Development For A Person During All Stages Of The Human Lifespan3441 Words   |  14 PagesCritically discuss the role of leisure in human development using one stage in the human lifespan. Intro Leisure plays a vital and important part in the human development of a person during all stages of the human lifespan. The key concepts that help define and form an understanding of leisure include: Experiences, self-expression, personality, commitment, need, identity, and constraint and motivation choices. These factors express that leisure helps an individual to develop their identity andRead MoreThemes Of Development : Prenatal6705 Words   |  27 Pageshas developed all its organs and parts, including knees and elbows (Cherry, 2017). The brain and central nervous system become more responsive in the third trimester, with the brain becoming more active by week 28 (Cherry, 2017). 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An individual’s development contributes to the understanding of the compass and insight of their human growth and developmentRead MoreHow Does Stress Help Facilitate Potential Positive Outcomes For Outdoor Adventure Education And Adventure Therapy Participants? 2218 Words   |  9 Pagesas abusive relationships makes comping much more difficult. The quality of relationships can potentially have a strong impact on individual’s ability to cope with and recover from stressful situations as well as improve overall quality and extend lifespans. Mental wellness The amount and quality of stress pays a large part in mental wellness. Too little stress can result in underdevelopment of mental capabilities. Appropriate levels of challenge and stimulation contribute to improved development affectingRead MoreAuthentic Leader Vs. Authentic Leadership1769 Words   |  8 Pagesauthentic leader are molded by individual beliefs developed through education, self-analysis, consultation with others, and a lifespan of experience. In a healthcare setting, Authentic Leadership may have the potential to develop healthier organizations. A review was conducted on the available literature in order to understand how Authentic Leadership is defined across boundaries, the effects it has on teamwork in a health setting, and the benefits it has on patient care interactions. NumerousRead MoreOverview of Canadian Aboriginal Women Trauma Caused by Colonialism3088 Words   |  13 Pagesinability of a person to self-heal (Frideres, 2011). Trauma in Aboriginal people started happening over 500 years ago. This trauma is a result of cumulative emotional and psychological wounding resulting from massive group tragedies that have carried across generations (Wesley-Esquimaux Smolewski, 2004). In the process of colonization Canada attacked the core of the Aboriginal peoples’ identity, their family, language, and spirituality. The term â€Å"soul-wound† has been used when describing the historicalRead MoreObservation Of Various Life Stages5410 Words   |  22 Pagesoutcomes, thoughts, and results of endless observations and studies of human beings and their behaviors all stages throughout a lifespan, taking into account fundamental factors as are historical and cultural contexts, since they influence human development, and behaviors, which are bounded by time and place as well. Key words: Behaviors, observation, researchers, lifespan Live text assignment II Observation of Various Life Stages Observation is a complex process that records informationRead MoreEssay about Creationism vs. Evolution3772 Words   |  16 Pagesbeginning of life. In the span of six days, God created the heavens, the earth, the sun, moon, water, animals, and ended with the finalà © of human beings. Other major events such as Noah’s flood occurred along the lifespan of the earth, accounting for the distribution of fossils and the formation of the earth’s layers. St. Augustine of Hippo (who was raised a Christian and later became a member of the Manicheans) believed that the Old Testament was nonsense. He â€Å"believed therefore that organic formsRead MoreExplain the psychological basis for well-being;include the theories that support your findings.3575 Words   |  15 Pageswellbeing contained within health and social care standards:- â€Å"a subjective stage of being content and healthy†. Psychologists generally agree that wellbeing is multi-faceted and made up of a number of components including Social, Emotional, Cultural, Spiritual, Psychological, Physical, and Environmental. The value of the selected Psychological theories is that they bring a conceptual framework for understanding human development and personal growth from both Social and needsbased perspective. They provide

Analysis Of Capitalism And Freedom By Milton Friedman

First, let’s begin by analyzing the arguments put forwards for a market system by poster boy for modern laissez-faire capitalism, Milton Friedman. His arguably most famous text Capitalism and Freedom puts rests the argument for free market capitalism upon three pillars of thought that Friedman believes to be self evident: privately operated markets are naturally occurring, significantly more efficient than a centrally planned economy because of the limited information available to individual actors, and morally justified as an expression of the rights to self-determination and political freedom. As defined by Friedman, â€Å"Political freedom means the absence of coercion of a man by his fellow men. The fundamental threat to freedom is the†¦show more content†¦Rather, the problems come with his third assertion, that markets are inherently liberating and that they are the antidote to coercion. If Friedman genuinely thought that market societies prevent coercion, perh aps he should have looked into who paid for the founding of the University of Chicago. That would be a certain John D. Rockefeller, the richest American of all time and a ruthless subjugator of his laborers. In its heyday, Rockefellers Standard Oil could give any authoritarian dictatorship a run for its money when it came to the coercion of labor and the tamping down on the rights of individuals to self-determination. Friedman fails to recognize the threat of market entities that can be just as tyrannical and corrosive as overzealous governments. In Friedman’s view, monopolies are solely the result of government intervention in the economy. Operating under the false assumption that monopolies will always fall apart unassisted because of competition, Friedman blames their existence on outside factors and not the natural desire of capitalists to exploit. Following his circular logic, because private tyranny of a monopoly only exists because of government meddling, whatever suf fering the workers face at the hands of their capitalist oppressors counts as political oppression. The other major failureShow MoreRelatedMilton Friedman and His Contribution For The Economic Field Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesproductive uses. The minimal government advocacy of an ‘’unregulated free market’’ is founded on an ‘’assumption about individuals being rational, self-interested and methodical in the pursuit of their goals. Adam Smith was not an advocate of pure capitalism. Adam Smith allowed for many exceptions to a strictly free-market economy. The classical liberals advocated policies to increase liberty and prosperity. They sought to empower the commercial class politically. They abolish royal charters, monopoliesRead More Milton Friedman Essay2505 Words   |  11 PagesMilton Friedman Milton Friedman has been credited with many different achievements, including being one of the most effective advocates of economic freedoms and free enterprise, being the greatest economist to ever walk the face of the earth, and proving every single word that Lord Maynard Keynes ever said to be wrong. Why these may or may not all be true, it is obvious that Friedman was a brilliant man of many accomplishments. Milton Friedman was born on July 15th, 1912 in New York CityRead MoreThe Contrasting Views of Milton Friedman and Ralph Nader on Corporate Social Responsibility2452 Words   |  10 Pagesresponsibilities. Conservative economists, such as Milton Friedman, claim that business is most responsible when it makes profit efficiently, not when it misapplies its energy on social projects, where as in contrast, consumer activists, such as Ralph Nader, spell out responsibilities that include corporate contribution to the enhancement to the social well being. In this paper, I will be discussing the fundamental idea behind the views of Milton Friedman and Ralph Nader towards Corporate SocialRead MoreCapitalism and Freedom Term Paper2518 Words   |  11 PagesTerm Paper Capitalism and Freedom, written by Milton Friedman, seems to focus significantly on the connections between the economics and politics, and the effect that those have in various aspects of society. This relationship was referred to throughout the book, and the topics Friedman discusses ranged between governmental control of money, to foreign policy and trade and the effect that has on our economy. Through the course of the book, Friedman constantly refers to his â€Å"classical liberal† viewRead MoreA Reflection On Government And Its Role On Markets And The Economy986 Words   |  4 Pagesregards to the free market and individual stakeholders. The authors detail the different economic theories, including Keynesian and Marxian, and how these theories relate to the overall political economy. Several themes that are expressed include capitalism and socialism, demand, regulation, productivity, property rights, and monopolies, among others. The central theme is the emergence of a â€Å"new political economy,† which is a hybrid of a political economy and economics (Gamble, 1995, p. 518; CaporasoRead MoreCsr(References)1138 Words   |  5 Pagesincludes some of the most developed and some of the least developed economies in the world. This book outlines the growing social issues due to the discrimination and unethical approach of Western companies approaches. This source gives a detailed analysis of Asia and the conflict of its stakeholders. Most people are aware that Asia is a suitable area for expanding a business and for decreasing cost. According to Joell Brohier-Meuter, however, Asian countries launched such societal policies as GreenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 23 Things They Don t Tell You About Capitalism ``1638 Words   |  7 PagesYou About Capitalism, Korean economist, Ha-Joon Chang, assaults economic orthodoxy and questions many theories and empirical facts that we take for granted. Written shortly after the ‘credit crunch’ of 2008, Chang argues that this economic crisis was created by the free-market ideology which has been dominant since the 1980s and attempts to remove our rose-tinted glasses that neo-liberal ideologies like [us] to wear every day (Chang, 2011, p xiv) unveiling the ‘truth’ about capitalism that free-marketer’sRead MoreThe Contribution Of Karl Marx Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagestheory in which class struggle is a central element in the analysis of social change in Western societies.† Marxism is ultimately the opposite to capitalism. The observation that in order for everyone to survive, humans have to produce food and other material objects is where Marxist theory ultimately began. Capitalism is a social system that is practiced in almost every country in the world, with the exception of China and North Korea. Capitalism is the production and distribution of goods. These goodsRead MoreFriedman vs Freeman1925 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will have a de tailed discussion on the shareholder theory of Milton Friedman and the stakeholder theory of Edward Freeman. Friedman argued that â€Å"neo-classical economic theory suggests that the purpose of the organisations is to make profits in their accountability to themselves and their shareholders and that only by doing so can business contribute to wealth for itself and society at large†. On the other hand, the theory of stakeholder suggests that the managers of an organisation doRead MoreCommon Wealth Address ( 1932 )1958 Words   |  8 Pageswith many of the solutions that were put into place. 11. Milton Friedman’s discussion of Capitalism shows that pure capitalism does not work, but he believes and shows how with modifications capitalism as an economic model can work. I believe this is possible. Friedman shows how absolute freedom is impossible and while it would be ideal that everyone agrees that cannot happen people s freedoms do not always match and while capitalism of winners and losers does not mean people are having either

Influence of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Procurement

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Social Media Marketing on Consumer's Procurement actions with special reference to Amozon. Answer: Introduction In this episode, the investigator refers to the induced set of ideas to accomplish the assessment in the applicable method constructed on the developed material and facts from the supplementary bases. The investigator then scrutinizes the endorsed identifications to necessitate a wide-ranging appraisal of the literary review. This part enables to understand the tangible awareness and prominence of Social Media presentation and the impact of the design of the marketing to amaze the consumers. The impression of the common forms of media on the buyers behavior stays as the center of the all-inclusive research foundation. It designates an assertive and thorough examination of the topic engaged as research studies (Christian, 2011). The consequence and positive influences of the marketing procedures through the arrangements of Societal Media subsidize the assurance of acquiring accurate understanding and perception of the evidence for the researcher to perform the studies. Perception and appreciative views The impression of the common media remains a precise concept as regards the dynamic and substantial contrivance for the actions of marketing. As per the conceptual views of Boulding et al. (2010), it exists as an exact and wide-ranging outline of constructing spectacular influence of the appropriate approaches of promoting the harvests plus services of the Establishments. The Socialized structures of Media stands mainly on the presentation of the information with value based technology that motivate the publics to craft, share, or observe as well as transfer the data and evidence as regards varied categories of events, designs, purposes and interpretations on convinced focuses that simplify the method of interaction. Rendering to the theory of Healey (2011), there are depictions of images, portrayals, announcements of lucrative offers, declaration of specialized occasions and illustrations of proceedings and catchwords and expressions convoyed by simulation of visual aid etc. to broa dcast the drive and assertiveness of the publics of innumerable business assemblies and innovativeness. According to Chopra and Gajjala, (2012), Social media positions unreservedly on the level of skills of awareness and compliance for internet access of multifarious practices comprising methodological fundamentals and codes that devises a compacted dais of broadcasting transparency. It deals with divergent approaches of groundwork in addition to building of communication guidelines and point of view interpreting the physical statistics. The media accords the dissimilar groupings of publics existing in quite a lot of expanses of the domain to form affirmative and operative systems of relationship between discreet organizations, populations and entities (Helkkula and Kelleher, 2010). The clients of a firm achieve prodigious assistance from the common media because it underlines on the countless characteristics of the consumers procurement valuations. The regulars understand the design of the merchandises created by the comprehensive unit through the eclectic submission of the apparatuse s of shared media. The media stand for the consequence of advertising phenomena of the status of the syndicate to preserve the probable shoppers. Nevertheless, Berger (2012) opines that it stays correspondingly as the beneficial system of producing innovative customs to enhance the materialization of tangible perseverance of targets built on the responsive connection. The social means of communication bestowing to the connoisseurs of prominent establishments participates in quite exceptional possessions of generating distinct configurations of the viewpoint of the managerial ends to craft mixed controls on the consumers and draw them toward the presentations of the Firm (Iqani, 2012).. It empowers the individuals to create network links in applicable forms of interface to flash the brand of ceaseless effects on the notifications of the individuals. It grasps the ethics of culture and sophistication that foresees the unobjectionable frame of mind and judgments of the societies concomitant with the inventiveness and the populace where it blowouts the professional accomplishments. Significance of Social Media Chain in the method of marketing in addition to the benefits Downing (2011) opined that the collective patterns of broadcasting have materialized owing to the different routes of engaging paraphernalia of the searches of the diverse Concerns which build magnificent guidelines to mature the occupational norms. The optimizations of searching apparatus and marketing implements are moderately active and function with the perseverance of the efforts of varied entities who are indulged in the schedules of constructive outlooks to satisfy the intentions. The progression of clarifying the websites fashions the cognizance between the patrons and the substances are certainly distributed among the shared forms of broadcasting and the working populations or the clusters over the manipulators and visitors of the sites across the browsing locations (Szczepaniak, 2013). The corporation desires to systematize the relations and pool the objectives of public media promoting gears with the collective sites comparable to demonstrations of marketing options in the Facebook and linked in plus Twitter, or YouTube and other forms of publicizing platforms. The public and the schmoosing diplomacies are plainly substantial in beginning the procedures of acclimatizing the collective means of optimizations as shares of their synchronous marketing dogmas and enactment. The trials and undertakings of marketing assignments are chanced with confident location of objectives and promoting posts (Fisher, 2014). The advancement of the attractiveness of the shared announcements in addition to the amplified quintessence of the trappings of public relations and itemized networks comprising the societal webs, bookmarking the locations of collective diligence, personalized exploration and direction-finding tools from end to end of the spots, classification, relocation of vide os, dependable constituents and tagging of images and texts placed within the blogs in addition to Facebook, twitter, linked in etc. create a marvelous effect. As appraised by the scholars of academic circles, Rosengren et al. (2013) emphasized that the transport networks of exchange of messages are rationally supervised and conserved at consistent recesses of location denoting stretch of time as executed by the readiness to report to the institutes and bring up-to-date statistics to the societies. It expedites to handpick their espousals and predilections of specifics of merchandises. The application sequencers, with the power on regulars, the discussions, effusive structures of the stuffs and facilities delivered are all centralized shares of the Shared Media Phase. The extent of the present-day routine of the Syndicates marketing scheme laterally with the controlling procedures of endeavors that records the dealings of the drive of marketing devices links the benchmarks of invention of items prepared to formulate the provisional dais. The trades represent the uniqueness of the accessible business in addition to the treasured properties for the institute that focus on the profuse application of the innumerable possessions to anticipate the professional circumstances (Bian, and Moutinho, 2011). They are styled as the backings of the corporate sector without which the considering graphical explanations, the objectives, purposes, innovativeness and the engagements of the interpretations of the well-grounded infrastructure, the collaboration of the support system as well as the accessible personnel of interaction attained over and done with the common loops of media manipulation are executed and betrothed to assure the ends of commercial success (Sc ott and Jacka, 2011). There are diverse kinds of superiorities that express the rapport and acquaintances with the traders of networking platform and the operators of the set of websites in addition to the added benchmarks of the shared socializing avenues. According to Siddiqui et al. (2010), it is an unremitting effort of the design of accepted wisdom that document through the outlets of the means of societal media. It benefits in establishing the link to fill up the fissure of the interaction in the midst of the community and the professional cluster of industries. The individuals are interrelated from end to end with the bond of pooled resources of interactive messages that affords the web of the links and comprise the publics who ensure mutual concern. The origination and appearance of internet in addition to announcement plans of promotion of products and the utilities through mobile facilities and speedy mails or posts heading for conveniences of electronic message and assessments issued across the web facilities streak the interpretation of the patrons and the additional publics who subsidize the collective practices of socializing On the contrary, Humphreys (2013) suggested that the shared sorts of presentation are a significan t wonder that climaxes the understandings of the society suitable for the demands of the communal setup as well as the facts of communication with diverse clutches of the societies. The accessible sites of the assorted categories of collective interactions comfort to craft profiles and deliver the indispensable data to organize for the specifics of the innovativeness and the midpoints of the constructing divisions to aid the gathering measures of the entities. The broadcasting conveniences and the publications also aid the norms of mobilizations of self-actualization of the transmission maneuvers to declare the minutiae of the merchandises and amenities in consort with the systems of announcement of amenities and answers delivered with diverse target and concentration of credibility of the evidences of the all-inclusive progression of design and dissemination of the goods (McCurdy, 2012). The rudimentary planning behind schedule of the commercial clarifications is validated by the experimentalists of Collective resources. Scott and Jacka (2011) hypothesize the customs of broadcasting patterns to smoothly convey the emotional state of the regulars on top of the occupational societies which undoubtedly create the supervisory drives of rightness of the factual ways and means of persuasive views. The involvement and overview of the goods serve the response of the possessions and the treatment of the clients who are primarily concerned to recognize the presence of the behavioral practices of staging tendencies. The message of the stuffs essentially serves the requirements of the regulars who target to accumulate evidence for unraveling their persistence of obtaining the artifact. The communication scheme falls beneath the dealings of commercial trailer that contributes a pulsating and excellent fashion of reproducing the existent objectives of the administrative realizations and the preservative of the essential set of importance that develops the swiftness of consideration of the promoting approaches (Szczepaniak, 2013). As per the views of Priporas and Vrontis (2014), quite a few establishments do not require reassuring the publics in the modern creation of the route of marketing performance. The determined societies need to engage pleasant systems that pact with several type of announcements to form its operational strategy as well as fabrication points to extent the several loftiness of the viewers. The benevolent types of the commercial ads and the erection of the stage and the communal means of publication are specifically imperative that validate the communications with the municipal setup with genuine life clarifications. Theoretical Ideologies of social media besides behaviour In accordance to the ideology of Szczepaniak (2013), the Social Perceptive model portrays the revelations of the inspiration of the media on the entities boldness and concerts. Nevertheless, there remains an unremitting need of adjudicating the past settings and locations that perform a leading character in launching the link of the transport network with the person who contributes in unswerving result upon the engagements. Bestowing to the outlooks of Tseng et al. (2014), it affords an enlightenment factor for the experimental circumstances of knowledge and open countenance of the proficiencies of the social responses. The social avenues influence upon the activities of the populaces functions as an incredible contrivance of discovering the tangible goals of the societies approving to the established individualities of the settings. Conferring to the doctrines of the concept, the unambiguous person effort to hang on other characters morals or comportment, the individuals studies from the opinion and this possibly will be invigorated or dejected on the source of the situation of facts. The concept also agrees with the implementation of observational consideration of the backdrops of deliberation, veil of secrecy, mechanical and motivational developments that establishes the prototype of communicative instructions (McCurdy, 2012). The responsiveness manages the information that delimit the interaction of the publics, every so often through the assortment conditions and the feedback of the supplementary ones behavioral configurations and approaches with the traditions of countenance of visions on feted goals. The preservation of established aims sets the platform for the accumulation and extension of the remembrance of the publics who are clever to evoke the realities from the recollection. This manifestation assesses the influences of the retention authority of the individuals who might dredge up the dealings perceived through their aptitudes (Werbin, 2011). The motivational manner adjusts the causal events that determine the inner self of enthusiasm to pact with promising paraphernalia to get absorbed with the actions of the conducts. The repulsive engagements are the upshot of the de-motivated impertinence that highpoints the non-promotional measures of the frequencies of the collective flow that cannot enri ch the marketing of the consequence of the desirability of the public powers. There exists an occasion to interpret the favoritisms and appointments of the media to opine for the accessible assertiveness and communicative forms etc. to intransigently begin the emotional state of the measures and realistic details (Yin et al. 2014). Figure: Social Perceptive model (Source: McCurdy, 2012, pp-250) However, the Social manifestation concept sponsors the perspicacity of the diffusion of ideas that is anticipated differently consistent with the incongruities of the contemporaneous state of affairs and infirmities of the societies. The organization of the communicating types of media transparency is momentously treasurable by the suggestion of concepts that are trustworthy through the societal exhibition of the enlargement as to the equipment of communication and the handling of evidence grounded on the common circumstances. Rendering to the real-world position of the principle, Iqani (2012) delineated that the corresponding shapes of the amassed comportment are projected to foster and settle into full-sized annotations of others deeds with the values of the vociferous complement and the solutions of the publics who are allied with the conditions and the surroundings. The theory of media productivity is exclusively created on the realities of the supposition that exposes the feeling of the resolution of the announcement reliant on the commitment to employ the inarticulacy and weaken the insecurity features. It defines that at hand are selected means of publication of concepts and ideologies that exercise piercing and unfathomable prompting effects to reduce the severe influence of the broadcasting with the plumpness of the matter. Some categories of infrastructures are somewhat active in fashioning the persuasive forms of promoting the events with the thought-provoking encouragements to announce the message and exchange services (Social Response, 2015). The communications that exist as less extensive do not involve the diffusion of evidence through the productivity of the broadcasting pellucidity In fact, the lean dissemination can be relatively operative that are determined by added systems of communication advancements to exhibit the visions (Fi sher, 2014).. Figure: Productivity of Communications (Source: Persson, 2013, pp- 865) Consumers clarification According to Yom-Tov et al. (2013), the shared channels of communication are identically substantial in shaping the schemes of interactive messages that forms the spring of discussion to offer the stabilities of development of feelings, judgments, emotional state, esteem and incredible stuffs to yield the feedbacks and observations to underpin the outcome of selling plans. The consumers acquire ample scope of reconnoitering the values and the brand of merchandises, amenities to the executives of the Firm, and boost the posts of interface from side to side across the social forms of broadcasting. On the other hand, Larsen (2011) portrays that the inventiveness comes to be the chance to measure the delivery of the stuffs plus their expertise of creative competences which may be encouraged to exaggerate the productivity of the fabrication of products The optimal specifications of the objects and the rise of the manufacturing abilities are actually dynamic to justify the preferred intent ions of the originality as well as this agrees to the commitment of the regulars. However, Chopra and Gajjala (2012) stated that the terrestrial and physical complications are exceeded by the mediation of the fiscal concerns and networks with the community The societal interacting devices ought to correspondingly governing in construing the principles of the philosophy of the institute and the promoting standards of the specific marketing capacities that secures the general public to assess the height of performing programs. (Source: Created by author) Conclusion The properties of communication are in control for the recognition and repute is straightforwardly succeeded through the small screen frequencies and the transistor grid to build beyond belief outcomes within the knowledge of the individuals. The electronic forms of broadcasting are an applicable formula of distributing valid classification of dealings to please the upward desires and resolve the complications of public services. The Companies need to assess the public limitations and the consumer manners, activities and attitudes to pursue the achievement of the required product that associates the outline of commitment and the economic situation. The procuring actions are moreover a momentous idea to appreciate the acknowledgment that turn on the aspects of the charge and constituents for acclimatization References Berger, A. (2012). Media analysis techniques. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE. Bian, X. and Moutinho, L. (2011) Consumer Behavior, Branding and Counterfeiting. 4th ed. New York: Business Expert Press. Boulding, W., Staelin, R., Ehret, M. and Johnston, W. J. (2010). A customer relationship management roadmap: what is known, potential pitfalls, and where to go. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), pp. 155166 Chopra, R. and Gajjala, R. (2012). Global Media, Culture, and Identity. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis Christian, E. (2011). Rock brands. Lanham [Md.]: Lexington Books. Downing, J. (2011). Encyclopedia of social movement media. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications Fisher, E. (2014). 'You Media': audiencing as marketing in social media. Media, Culture Society. Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., and Hayes, T. L. (2010). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, pp. 268279. Hayes, J. and Dredge, F. (2010) Marketing andCustomer Behaviour. 3rd ed. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Healey, J. (2011). Social impacts of digital media. Thirroul, N.S.W.: Spinney Press Helkkula, A. and Kelleher, C. (2010). Circularity of customer service experience and customer perceived value. J. Cust. Behav., 9(1), pp.37-53. Humphreys, L. (2013). Mobile social media: Future challenges and opportunities. Mobile Media Communication, 1(1), pp.20-25. Iqani, M. (2012). Consumer culture and the media. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Larsen, G. (2011). Editorial: Special Issue on Customer Behaviour in Arts, Heritage, Nonprofit and Social Marketing. J. Cust. Behav., 10(4), pp.305-308. McCurdy, P. (2012). Social Movements, Protest and Mainstream Media. Sociology Compass, 6(3), pp.244-255. Persson, A. (2013). Profitable customer management: reducing costs by influencing customer behaviour. European Journal of Marketing, 47(5/6), pp.857-876. Priporas, C. and Vrontis, D. (2014). Concerns and developments in customer behaviour across industries. J. Cust. Behav., 13(1), pp.1-3. Rosengren, S., Dahle n, M. and Okazaki, S. (2013). Advances in advertising research. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler Scott, P. and Jacka, J. (2011). Auditing social media. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley Siddiqui, N., O'Malley, A. and McCall, J. C. (2010). Retailer and consumer perceptions of online fashion retailers: Web design issues. Journal of Fashion Marketing Management, 7(4), pp. 345-355. Social Response, (2015). Social Response - Social Media Marketing Web-design Services. [online] Available at: https://www.social-response.co.uk/ [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Szczepaniak, R. (2013). Media Convergence - Approaches and Experiences. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Tseng, Fan Chen, and Ching I Teng. 'Assessing Customer-Capturing Strategies Considering Network Effects And Multiple Adoption'. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising 8.3 (2014): pp 208. Venkataraman, Ganesh. Intelligent Search Engine Ranking Algorithm Inspired by Recommendation Engines International Journal of Computer Applications 85(8), pp. 16-18. Werbin, K. (2011). Spookipedia: intelligence, social media and biopolitics. Media, Culture Society, 33(8), pp.1254-1265. Yin, Xi Jie, JianGuoXu, and Xiao Feng Zhao. (2014). For Search Engine Optimization Strategy Analysis of Website Design. AMM 519(20), pp. 381-384. Yom-Tov, E., S. Dumais, and Q. Guo. (2013). Promoting Civil Discourse Through Search Engine Diversity. Social Science Computer Review 32(2) pp. 145-154.

Project Warfare in the High Skies

The UAE Government The Unites Arab Emirates (UAE) is a perfect example of the transformational power of politics in the management of a country. The country was a sleepy corner of the Gulf barely a century ago. Its current international profile is the result of efforts undertaken in the last forty years.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project: Warfare in the High Skies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For a country that received independence in 1971, UAE is an example of how a country can come from backwardness to become a strategic business location (Mongay 14). The location of the country is strategic. It is possible to reach any corner of the globe from the UAE because of its central location at the relative geographical center of the continents. From the UAE, it is possible to access any of the continents in one plane (IATA). Apart from the well-known economic feats of the UAE, the country has a unique polit ical system. The country is under the leadership of seven hereditary Emirs who are each in charge of an Emirate. The Emirs sit in a council that appoints a cabinet and other government officials. One of the Emirs serves as the president of the country. Each Emir retains complete political control over his Emirate, and is in charge of all major decisions regarding the management of the Emirate. The aim of this paper is to explore various aspects of the political system of the UAE. What is the UAE? The UAE is a loose federation of seven Emirates. The use of the word â€Å"loose† in this statement does not mean disjointed or dysfunctional. It simply means that each of the Emirates retains the power to govern itself. However, the Emirates are all signatories to a 1971 constitution developed to solve the crisis caused by the exit of the British, who served as the protectors of the Emirates. The UAE was not under British rule as a colony. The British signed pacts with local Sheikhs who were rulers of the Emirates to offer them protection at sea, and to offer support in case of land attacks. The British took on this role to protect its interests in the sea trade through the Gulf. Britain had strong trade ties with India and other Asian countries. These ties depended on the ability of the British to use ports in the Persian Gulf as bases for the British Navy and docking points for trading vessels. On the other hand, the Emirates also traded with India and other Persian Gulf states. In the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, the Emirates exported pearls to other countries through the Gulf. This explains why the Sheikhs that were ruling the Gulf signed treaties with Britain.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the late sixties, the British realized that their treaties with the rulers of the Gulf were no longer tenable. This came in part from the fact that Britain had lost several colonies in the region. Bahrain and Qatar gained their independence in 1971 (Mongay 18). In the same year, the British withdrew from the gulf treaties. Attempts to create a proper nation out of the seven Emirates failed because of the divergent needs of each region. Therefore, the rulers in charge of Abu Dhabi and Dubai chose to create a union between their two jurisdictions. They made a constitution in 1971 and later invited the other rulers to join the Union. Within one year, the seven regions became the United Arab Emirates. How the UAE Government Works The UAE is a federal state. This federation is the result of the 1971 constitution promulgated by the rulers of the region. Each of the seven Emirates retains authority to run the affairs within its region, under the direction of the Emir. The seven Emirates are Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Umm al-Qaiwain, and Sharjah. Each Emir is the leader of one of the Emirates. The office of the Emir is hereditary. The fact that the position of the Emir follows bloodlines, and an Emir has total control over the Emirate makes the Emirs absolute monarchs (Walker, Walker and Schmitz 45). The UAE government has three organs. It has an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary. The members of the executive arm of UAE’s government are the president, vice president and the prime minister. The vice president traditionally holds the office of the prime minister too. Other offices in the executive arm are the Supreme Council of Ministers and the Federal Supreme Council. The high number of functionaries in UAE’s executive is deceptive. The Federal Supreme Council consists of the seven Emirs. The council elects the president, vice president and the prime minister from among the seven Emirs. In addition, the council appoints the council of ministers. The ministers run state functions across the seven Emirates. These functions include provision of educati on, health, security, and trade. The Federal Supreme Council is the supreme authority in the management of the affairs of the UAE. Ministers carry out their duties at the pleasure of the Federal Supreme Council. The judiciary in the UAE is fragmented. Each Emirate runs a regional judicial system based on local laws. While a Federal court exists, not all Emirates are part of the national judiciary.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project: Warfare in the High Skies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The third arm of government is the legislature. The official title of the forty-member legislature in the UAE is the Federal National Council. Unlike western democracies where citizens elect the legislature, the system in the UAE is such that membership in the legislature may arise from elections or from appointment by the Federal Supreme Council. Initially, the Federal Supreme Council appointed all the members of the Fe deral National Council. However, the council currently appoints about half of the members. The rest become members of the Federal National Council through elections. The Federal Supreme Council is implementing democratic legislative reforms in the UAE gradually. The council hopes to transit the country slowly to a fully elected and more powerful legislature. This position comes from the lessons gleaned from the Arab spring about the negative impacts of rapid change, or absence of change. The council feels that there is not room for error, hence the cautious approach. The legislature in UAE plays an advisory role, the Federal Supreme Council develops the laws used in the country, which the Legislature debates and offers an advisory opinion. The President of the UAE The presidency of the UAE is an elective office. However, eligibility for election is dependent on membership to the Federal Supreme Council. Membership of the Federal Supreme Council is hereditary, which makes the preside ncy hereditary. According the UAE constitution, one of the Emirs serves as the country’s president. A president can serve any number of five-year terms. The president serves as the head of state. In this role, he chairs the Federal Supreme Council, signs treaties and appointments state officers. Other duties performed by the president include the appointment of diplomats, and representing the country in international forums. The president also coordinates the activities of the Federal Supreme Council such as calling meetings and chairing meetings. In addition, the president issues state commendations on behalf of the country. The most influential Emirate in the UAE is Dubai. As such, its Emir became the first president. When he died, his son took over the post as the new Emir of Dubai. The second most influential Emirate is Abu Dhabi. Abu Dhabi is the financial capital of the UAE. Therefore, Abu Dhabi’s Emir serves as the prime minister of the UAE.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Judiciary The judiciary of the UAE is a completely independent constitutional organ. The judicial system in the UAE is not homogenous. Each of the Emirates maintains a separate judicial system based on local customs (Griffiths, O’Callaghan and Roach 73). The local laws are the product of each region’s unique identity and history. The sources of law for the Emirates are the Quran based Sharia, and laws developed by local authorities within each Emirate to deal with civilian issues. The use of Sharia law does not make the UAE an Islamic republic. The Federal Supreme Council is sensitive to the difficulties of absolute Sharia. They prefer a more open judicial system. This explains why many foreigners find the UAE accommodating. In the same vein, the UAE is the most liberal region in the Arab world because of the effort of the Emirs to maintain a degree of religious freedom. Apart from the local laws, federal laws also exist to provide direction for the entire country. These laws come from the Federal Supreme Council and form part of the legal environment of the Emirates. The federal laws govern aspects such as international relations, federal crimes, and disputes involving more than one Emir. The federal judiciary also tries federal crimes such as corruption by federal officials. The judges of the federal courts are appointees of the President in consultation with the Federal Supreme Council. UAE’s Sources of Income The UAE was traditionally a trading region. Before the discovery of oil, the UAE exported pearls to India and the rest of Asia. The trade in pearls collapsed after India increased the taxes on imported pearls to protect its domestic pearl industry. At the same time, the Japanese started producing commercial pearls, flooding the international market with cultivated pearls. As a result, Pearl exports from the UAE declined. The main source of income for the UAE is exports of natural resources. The World Bank estimated that in 201 1, 85% of exports from the country were natural resources (UNWTO 4). The UAE holds huge oil and gas reserves. In fact, the current economy of the region came up because of oil and natural gas exports. Oil will remain a prominent source of income for the UAE because of the increasing demand and dwindling supply. As the world nears its peak production of oil before the commencement of an irreversible decline in reserves, the price of oil will keep increasing until the balance tips in the favor of other energy sources. Apart from the natural resources exported by the UAE, the country receives revenues from tourism, and trade. Dubai is known for its vehicle refurbishment business especially with the developing world. The location of the region makes it an ideal air and sea transport hub. The Emirates Airlines will become the world’s largest airline by the year 2015 if it sticks to its current growth trajectory (IATA). At the same time, its rival airline, Etihad Airlines is a well -known international brand. These two airlines are symbols of the UAE’s dream of becoming a transport hub for the world. Dubai may replace Heathrow as the hub connecting the Western hemisphere to the rest of the world (IATA). This demonstrates the business acumen of UAE’s leadership. These efforts are part of a deliberate strategy to move the country from the traditional reliance on oil and natural gas to other sectors. Abu Dhabi is also becoming an important financial destination in Asia and Middle East (Deloitte 6). This comes from the effect of a high volume of goods and services passing through the UAE in transit to other parts of the world. Major Banks have branches in the UAE to facilitate the activities of international investors in the UAE. The UAE is also investing in other parts of the world. For instance, the Etihad Airlines is a shareholder in Virgin Australia and Air Berlin as part of its divestiture strategy (IATA). This is symbolic of the greater efforts by the UAE government and the UAE business community to spread risks to other parts of the world. As the natural resources dwindle, the region will have other sources of income. Abu Dhabi suffered immensely from the economic downturn of 2009. While this is negative when viewed from the perspective of revenue generation, it is a positive indication of the fact that Abu Dhabi is an influential player in the global financial markets. One of the highest growth sectors in the UAE is tourism. The country is investing in facilities that can attract tourists in order to increase the regions foreign exchange (UNWTO 4). The Burj Hotel for instance is one of the most expensive hotels in the world. The hotel is a very good source of tourist revenue. It attracts the affluent members of the international community who want to experience its ambience. In addition, it attracts many more tourists who simply want to have a look at it. The creation of man-made islands and theme parks such as Dubailan d city (modeled after Disneyland), demonstrates the country’s long-term commitment to tourism. Relationship between the Citizens and the Government of the UAE It is difficult to render an opinion on the relationship between the citizens of the UAE and their government. This is because the government does not tolerate dissenters. The UAE government is not totalitarian, but it is not open to public criticism either. In essence, the only way to understand the actual feelings of the people towards the UAE government is by looking at the actions of the government. One of the important clues in this matter is the Arab spring. Many citizens in Arab countries that were under totalitarian regimes took advantage of the wave of dissent that swept across many Arab states to change their governments. The UAE was not part of those countries. By inference, this may mean that the citizens of the UAE were not angry with the state authorities like other Arab Countries. This can mean that the c itizens have confidence in their government. Secondly, the UAE government is allowing democratic elections for choosing some members of the Federal National Council. The actual people eligible for office are very few, and the people eligible to participate as voters are few as well. It is still important to note that this opportunity does not exist in some countries. This also shows that the government is aware of the desire for democratic expression by the people. Politics in the UAE The political space in the UAE by democratic standards remains limited. There is no clear way for an ordinary citizen to become a leader in the country. The Federal Supreme Council fills most of the important positions in the country by appointing close relatives and confidants. Within the Emirates, the leaders come from the immediate family and close associates of the Emir. The UAE does not have an active civil society. The UAE Human Rights Association and the UAE jurists association are exceptions in the political climate of the region. However, the two organizations are not powerful enough to question the state on issues. This fact, coupled with stringent rules governing the freedom of association, shows that the UAE is still lagging behind in the path to democracy. Another factor that may be contributing to the pacified political environment is that the UAE has more immigrants than locals because the country needs foreign workers to run its economy. Immigrant workers are not politically active. Therefore, their impact on UAE’s politics is minimal. However, these workers are a crucial source of information for UAE residents regarding democratic processes. In this sense, immigrant workers may be the catalyst that will precipitate an increasing demand for political space by UAE citizens. The history of the people of the UAE predisposes them to accepting the current government the way it is. The traditional mode of leadership for Arab countries was by hereditary chiefdoms. This fact makes the citizens favorably disposed towards the existing type of leadership. This leadership reflects the traditions of the people within their cultural context. Amidst all the political issues raised above, the people of the UAE seem generally content with the political system in the country. The country is one of the richest nations in the Arab world. The living standards are very high and in some metrics, the region compares favorably with the developed world. For instance, the UAE has the lowest mortality rates in the world on many counts such as infant mortality and maternal mortality (Deloitte 4). Conclusion The UAE is in a good position to look at the future with optimism in its governance. Western political thought favors democracy over any other type of leadership. In the UAE, democracy is foreign and it is beyond the experience of the average UAE citizen. For as long as the citizens of the Emirates are content with their government, the leaders can carry on ru ling in the traditional fashion. However, there is need to expand the participation of citizens in the election of leaders and in the affairs of government. In a world where democracy is becoming the dominant force, failure by the Emirs to recognize the desire for democracy by UAE citizens can lead to sudden upheavals as was the case in North Africa. The UAE remains an interesting case in the study of economic transformation, and in the journey from oil dependence to sustainable economics. The country needs to include elements of political change to support its emerging role as the hub of the world. Otherwise, there is risk that it will lose its trajectory courtesy of internal unrest. Works Cited Deloitte. 2011 Survey of the UAE Healthcare Sector Opportunities and Challenges for Private Providers. Survey Report. London: Deloitte, 2011.Print. Griffiths, Martin, Terry O’Callaghan and Steven C Roach. International Relations: The Key Concepts. London: Taylor and Francis, 2008. Pr int IATA. â€Å"CEO Interview: Etihad – Staying Focused.† 28 October 2012. Web. Airlines International: IATA. 30 October 2012 https://www.iata.org/pages/default.aspx. Mongay, Jorge. Business and Investments in Asia. Madrid: ESIC Editorial, 2011. Print UNWTO. Tourism and Climate Change. Geneva: United Nations World Tourism Organization, 2011. Print. Walker, Danielle Medina, Thomas D Walker and Joerg Thomas Schmitz. Doing Business Internationally: The Guide to Cross-Cultural Success. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003. Print This essay on Project: Warfare in the High Skies was written and submitted by user Piper V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Project Warfare in the High Skies The rivalry between Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines is the subject of many debates. This is because of the cutthroat competition between the two companies. This competition exists despite significant differences in the business strategies of the two companies. This project seeks to investigate the nature and impact of this rivalry. The research question guiding the project is, â€Å"What are the marketing strategies of Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines and how do these strategies influence the rivalry between them?†Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Project: Warfare in the High Skies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The major components of this question are the need to decipher the market entry models used by both airlines, an interrogation of the elements that define the rivalry between the two airlines, and a peek into the future of the two airlines based on their current marketing models. The se issues define the broad objectives that underpin the research project. In particular, the objectives of this project as stated in the project proposal are as follows. To investigate the market entry models of Etihad Airways and the Emirates Airlines. To investigate the defining elements and the implications of the rivalry between the Etihad Airways and the Emirates Airlines To determine the long term prospects of the two airlines in relation to their existing marketing strategies in the context of their rivalry Literature Review A look into the definition of the term â€Å"marketing strategy† reveals several things. First, a marketing strategy is about marketing (Sahaf, 2008). A marketing strategy is specific to the marketing elements of a business concern. Secondly, a marketing strategy is about strategy (Sahaf, 2008). It is a long term and wholesome look at the way an organization organizes all the elements that constitute its marketing activities (Shaw, 2004). Thirdly , marketing strategy is about the optimization of resources (Sahaf, 2008). Every business has several options relating to how it can deploy its resources. Each of these configurations seeks to optimize the returns that the business can attain from its marketing resources (Mongay, 2011). Fourth, marketing strategy is about profit (Sahaf, 2008). Every organization needs to generate surplus for it to remain competitive. Marketing is what assures the company of a sustainable revenue stream. Porter (1980) developed a model that helps an organization to evaluate its competitive position. This model is useful for companies planning to enter a new market, or to expand its market share. The model is also valuable for companies whose market share is dwindling. The five forces analysis looks at the threat posed by the arrival of new competitors, the threat posed by the arrival and availability of products that can substitute a company’s product, and the bargaining power of customers (Po rter, 1980). The model also proposes that an ideal analysis of the competitive environment should consider the power of suppliers, and the pressure from rivals in the market (Porter, 1980). Montgomery and Porter (1991) identified three forms of generic strategies that should guide the development of market strategies. First, a company can choose to pursue cost leadership as a marketing strategy (Montgomery Porter, 1991).Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under this strategy, a company seeks to use economies of scale and efficiency to drive prices down to levels where its competitors cannot survive. Southwest Airlines made its mark on the American market as a low cost carrier by removing all frills from its services to focus on efficient operations (Hartley, 2007). It is a good example of the application of this principle in the airline industry. Secondly a company ca n choose to pursue is a differentiation strategy (Montgomery Porter, 1991). Under this strategy, a company must have a strong point that gives it an unassailable competitive advantage. This strength should provide customers with a unique value. A good example of this strategy is Google’s search engine. Google developed a search engine, which is now the leading provider of search services online (Byrne, 2011). Google differentiates itself as a provider of online software services. The third strategy identified by Montgomery and Porter (1991) is niche strategy. This marketing strategy involves identifying a unique market segment and becoming the best-placed company to meet the needs of this niche. This strategy is risky if bigger competitors can meet the demands of the same niche at a lower cost. In reality, most companies pursue a mixture of strategies in order to maximize their returns (Sahaf, 2008). While marketing strategies have a long-term perspective, they often change midstream to address strategic concerns such as the making of losses over a prolonged period. Market research is necessary before the development of a market strategy (Thomas, 2011). Failure to research the market can lead to huge losses caused by wrong marketing strategies. Marketing strategy is also about the interaction of the four P’s of marketing. The four P’s represent Product, Price, Placement, and Promotion (Mongay, 2011). Product refers to the item or service that is available for sale. Price is the consideration expected from exchanging this item or service. Costing strategies depend on whether the item is available in bulk, or in single units. Typically, the cost of an item needs to cover the cost of production, and the expected margin. Promotion refers to the efforts made to make consumers of the product aware of its presence. At the same time, promotion aims at building demand for the product by highlighting the aspects of the product that can appeal to po tential buyers. The fourth P is Placement. Placement refers to the availability of the product to the potential buyers. Elements of placement include the distribution plan, display at the point of sale, and the use of showrooms.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Project: Warfare in the High Skies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Methodology This project utilized three main sources of data. The use of secondary data proved useful because of the international nature of the entities studied (Corson, Heath, Bryant, 2000). The objectives of the research project required broad based information to cover the subject adequately. As such, there was a need to review literature from various sources to develop a comprehensive picture describing the rivalry between the two companies. The reason for relying on secondary data came from the objectives of the project. It was not feasible to address the objectives of the proj ect by collecting primary data. Analysis of secondary data required the use of careful scrutiny to find out credible and consistent information (Yu, 1998). In order to establish the validity and admissibility of the information collected, a literature review was necessary to find out the specifications of the information required (Corson, Heath, Bryant, 2000). Data from industry sources was the most valuable type of information for the project. Recorded interviews with the executives of the company and company reports also formed sources of credible information. Information from unnamed sources did not meet these standards. In addition, information from personal blogs, personal websites that had no peer review mechanisms did not meet the threshold (Johnson Johnson, 2009). The most important difficulty faced in the course of the project was finding the latest information relating to developments in the UAE airline industry. It was necessary to find the dates of the information prov ided to ensure the accuracy of the information collected. Online forums proved useful as passive sources of information on customer satisfaction. Forums hosted by the two companies, and those dedicated to issues relating to the two companies proved useful in gauging the customer satisfaction levels of customers. They also illustrated the depth of the rivalry of the two companies. The main sources of data used for the project were as follows. Published literature from trade magazines relating to the operations of the two companies, company reports and publications from the two airlines, and periodicals published by marketing analysts and aviation analysts. The Market Entry Strategies of Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines In order to examine the market entry strategies of Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines, it is important to define the use of the terms â€Å"market entry† in this section. The meaning of market entry used in this project is that of an ongoing process. When companies start, they need a market entry strategy. This need does not dissipate with growth. Rather, as the company expands its services and its customer base, market entry remains a fundamental function (Thomas, 2011).Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Etihad Airways is much younger than Emirates Airlines. Etihad will celebrate its tenth birthday in 2013 (Cameron, 2012). Both airlines are pursuing very aggressive market entry strategies based on the prevailing economic outlook of the Gulf region. Some of the elements of the rivalry between the two airlines in relation to their market entry strategies include the acquisition of new aircraft, and the formation of partnerships with airlines in other regions of the world (Cameron, 2012). Etihad Airways will start operations in Washington DC, Ho Chi Min City and to the City of Sao Paulo in South America within 2013 (IATA, 2012). In the same year, the company will receive 14 aircrafts to expand its fleet (IATA, 2012). The company plans to expand its fleet by ninety new aircrafts. In addition to these efforts, Etihad Airways is pursuing relationships with Air Berlin in Germany and Virgin Australia to increase its profits (Cameron, 2012). Part of Etihad Airway’s attraction to Air B erlin came from the fact that the two companies have similar cabin design, which will enhance both brands. Emirates Airlines on the other hand is pursuing similar expansion by forming alliances with other airlines. Currently there is a relationship between Emirates and Qantas from Australia (Cameron, 2012). Emirates Airlines, which vowed not to join any of the big three airline alliances, has pacts with airlines that are part of the alliances. For instance, Etihad has a pact with Air France-KLM, which is part of the Sky Team alliance (IATA, 2012). The alliances are business relationships between several airlines, which work to coordinate their schedules in order to enjoy better customer loyalty. The airlines share frequent flier programs, and other incentives meant to keep customers within the alliance. Based on Porter’s generic marketing strategies, the two airlines positioned themselves as niche players offering premium services. The target market for the airlines is the hi gh-end segment. This strategy, combined with the strategic location of the two airlines in the fast growing region of the Middle East, is responsible for the growth that the two companies continue to experience despite their bitter rivalry. Emirates Airlines will become the largest Airline in the world by 2015 if it maintains its current growth momentum (Thomas, 2011). Defining Elements and the Implications of the Rivalry The scope of the rivalry between the two airlines comes from the similarity of their marketing strategies. Both airlines compete for the high-end market. Therefore, most of the marketing initiatives they employ tend to be similar. For instance, both airlines landed in Japan for the first time on the same day (Wright Underwood, 2010). This illustrates the intricate nature of their rivalry. In the last decade, many airlines in Europe became part of the three global airline alliances. The three alliances are Sky Team, Star, and One World (Cameron, 2012). Both Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines have not pursued membership in any of the three alliances. Rather, the two airlines are using different strategies to counter the impact of the alliances. Emirates Airlines is famous for its individualist attitude (Griffiths, O’Callaghan, Roach, 2008). It prefers organic growth and battling for market share, rather than forming alliances and partnerships with other airlines. As such, the recent alliance with Australian Qantas is an exception rather than the rule in the marketing strategy of the airline (Rivers, 2012). On the other hand, Etihad Airways bought equity in Virgin Australia and Air Berlin (Thomas, 2011). Etihad prefers to buy stake in established brands in markets that it does not want to commit operational resources. This gives the company the advantage of local presence without brand building obligations. This is a faster way to penetrate a market and it offers the airline the opportunity to understand a market without the risks ass ociated with fresh market entry. This fits with Etihad’s strategy of favoring growth over profitability in the short term. The two airlines are scrambling for space in the international aviation markets. Both have set their eyes on the American, Australian, and Chinese markets. Etihad Airways is on track to launch flights to two cities in the Americas. The maiden landing of both airlines in Tokyo on the same day is symbolic of the market rivalry between the two players (Wright Underwood, 2010). On the part of Australia, Etihad is part of Virgin Australia as a shareholder, while Emirates Airlines is working with Qantas to access the Australian Market. Further East, the booming Chinese economy is leading to an increase in demand for international flights (Zhu, 2010). This demand comes from traders seeking markets for their products, and foreigners going to China to buy goods. In addition, a growing middle class in China needs flights to other countries where they can go to tou r. All these factors serve to intensify the rivalry of the two carriers. The acquisition of big planes, ostensibly to enhance the capacity for long range flights is also a common feature in the rivalry between the two airlines. Etihad has plans to buy up to ninety new planes from Boeing to increase its current fleet (Cameron, 2012). Fourteen of these will be ready within 2013. On the other hand, Emirates Airlines signed a deal with Airbus for the supply of 32 Airbus 380 Jumbo jets (Thomas, 2011). This focus shows a strong commitment to long-term growth in the wake of increasing demand for air transport. The final element in the rivalry between Etihad Airways and Emirates Airlines is in the cargo business. There is increasing demand for cargo haulage across the world. This demand is strengthened by the increasing volume of cargo transiting via Dubai (Griffiths, O’Callaghan, Roach, 2008). The result is that the two airlines are responding to the growing demand by increasing th eir cargo fleet. Etihad Airways is increasing the cargo space in its new passenger aircrafts to enable it to take advantage of the cargo business that falls within its passenger routes. This is in addition to increasing its fleet of cargo jets. Long Term Prospects of the Two Airlines Despite the rivalry of the two airlines, both airlines have very good prospects. The two airlines are pursuing aggressive growth that will see Emirates become the largest airline in the next three years. The basic aspect of the rivalry between the two airlines is that they are not local carriers. They are international carriers. This gives both of them unique competitive advantages that rivalry alone cannot wipe off. There is increasing demand for air transport across the world. This demand is strongest in Asia and the Australian region (Walker, Walker, Schmitz, 2003). The demand for air transport in Africa is also growing. This means that the two companies are competing for new business, based on thei r unique competitive advantages. The growth in demand for air transport comes from the increasing demand for goods and services from Asia. This demand is also growing because of an increasing number of tourists and traders from Asia and the Middle East, and increasing travel by students, researchers, and government officials to Asia and the Middle East (Walker, Walker, Schmitz, 2003). Secondly, the location of the UAE is strategic. The location of the UAE makes it an ideal hub for international travel. The fact that the leaders of the UAE used this location to position Dubai as a trading hub proves this point. Dubai is an ideal replacement for European cities as a hub for international transport (Corson, Heath, Bryant, 2000). This advantage, coupled with the fact that the UAE airlines have planes that can reach almost any point on earth, makes UAE’s geography and business positioning a strong competitive advantage. These advantages are available to both airlines. The Emirat es Airlines historically favored organic growth in its operations. The airline giant started operations with a single leased aircraft twenty-five years ago. The Emirates Airlines did not make any deals with other airlines to form partnerships and alliances. The success of Emirates is proof that its business model is sustainable. This means that the airline is strong enough to go into the future. On the other hand, Etihad started with a larger fleet, and sought to gain market share rapidly. Etihad is more open to diversification. Its preferred model is buying a stake in local airlines to benefit from existing market conditions, without the additional burden of brand building. This concept is similar to the one used by many international airlines that form part of the three global alliances. It is also a sustainable model on its own. Therefore, the fact that Etihad and Emirates are rivals at home does not mean that either of them is in any kind of disadvantage. In fact, their rivalry is causing them to pursue aggressive growth strategies, which is making then formidable airlines. Finally, the two airlines enjoy strong government and private sector backing. The Emirates Airlines receives support from the Dubai government while Etihad receives support from several small backers in the Emirates (IATA, 2012). This support increases market confidence in the two airlines and makes them more secure at home. These factors prove that the two airlines have a strong future ahead of them regardless of their rivalry. The question is not whether the two airlines can survive the rivalry. Rather, the question is which of the two airlines will emerge stronger. Conclusions The main difference between the two companies is in market fundamentals. Emirates Airlines has a history of profit making, because it grew organically by fulfilling market demand over the last twenty-five years. Etihad Airways on the other hand entered the market to take advantage of the lucrative market that c ame up in Abu Dhabi. The company is just about to start posting profits. Several elements define the rivalry between the two airlines. The following five elements indicate the defining issues. First, the two are not keen on joining any of the three global alliances (Cameron, 2012). Secondly, both airlines prefer to form partnerships with other airlines to increase their operations efficiency (IATA, 2012). Thirdly, the two airlines are showing strong interest in the Americas, Australia, and China (Wright Underwood, 2010). Fourth, both airlines have very ambitious growth plans. Finally, both airlines are turning their attention to cargo business. The fact that there are strong growth prospects comes from the increasing demand for air transport, and the strategic nature of the UAE as a transport hub. In addition, the two airlines have developed different but sustainable growth models and they both enjoy strong domestic support. References Byrne, C. (2011). People Analytics: How Google does HR by the Numbers. Venture Beat . Cameron, D. (2012). Airlines Shuffle Marketing Alliances. The Wall Street Journal , 1-4. Corson, D., Heath, R. L., Bryant, J. (2000). Human Communication Theory and Research: Concepts, Context, and Challenges (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Griffiths, M., O’Callaghan, T., Roach, S. C. (2008). International Relations: The Key Concepts. London: Taylor and Francis. Hartley, R. F. (2007). Continental Airlines: Salvaging from the Ashes. Michigan: Wiley. IATA. (2012). CEO Interview: Etihad – Staying Focused. Web. Johnson, W. D., Johnson, T. R. (2009). An Educational Psychology Success Story: Social Interdependence Theory and Cooperative Learning. Educational Researcher , 38 (5), 365-379. Mongay, J. (2011). Business and Investments in Asia. Madrid: ESIC Editorial. Montgomery, C. A., Porter, M. E. (1991). Strategy: Seeking and Securing Competitive Advantage. Boston MA: Havard Business Press. Porter, M. E. (19 80). Competitive Advantage: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. Rivers, M. (2012). Doing Business Down Under. Web. Sahaf, M. A. (2008). Strategic Marketing: Making Decisions For Strategic Advantage. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt Ltd. Shaw, S. (2004). Airline Marketing and Management (5 ed.). Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. Thomas, A. (2011). Strategies for Branding Success. New York: eBooklt.com. Walker, D. M., Walker, T. D., Schmitz, J. T. (2003). Doing Business Internationally: The Guide to Cross-Cultural Success. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Wright, R., Underwood, M. (2010). Emirates and Etihad Land in Tokyo. Web. Yu, G. (1998). Operations Research in the Airline Industry. Heidelberg: Springer. Zhu, Z. (2010). China’s New Diplomacy: Rationale, Strategies and Significance. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing. This term paper on Project: Warfare in the High Skies was written and submitted by user Matias J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jazz Giants essays

Jazz Giants essays J.J. Johnson was born James Louis in Indianapolis on January 22, 1924. At the age of nine, Johnson became very interested with music thus learning the piano with a church organist. He took further interest in music once he attended Crispus Attucks Senior High school playing the. He started out playing the Bari saxophone being that it was the only instrument available to him. After a short time, he lost much interest in the saxophone and at the age of fourteen he picked up playing the trombone. Johnson then played in the high school band as well as the brass marching band of the YMCA. The 1920s in America was a jazz period classified as the Roaring Twenties or Jazz Age dominated by Bessie Smith, and people at the top such as Duke Ellington. Much of it reflected the Harlem Renaissance. It was a time where jazz began to separate from its roots in ragtime and blues. This new art form went through many periods of change and evolution. Dixieland soon sprang up from the new jazz styles. The development of jazz in Chicago came from New Orleans where, after World War I many musicians left because of the new military port that had been constructed there. It was during this time that the Chicago style was developed and at this point the solo became more prominent in jazz music. J.J. Johnson was considered to be the finest jazz trombonist of all time. Johnson somehow transferred the innovative and exciting styles of Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie to his own instrument. He played with such speed and ease that at one time listeners thought that he was playing on a valve trombone. Also, when Johnson played ballad jazz pieces, his sound was so full and powerful, you would think he was a French horn in a symphonic orchestra. I feel that Johnsons style was vital to this period and periods thereafter because it allows other trombone players to see that it is not impossible to play with the speed ...

Free Essays on Earths Axis

Seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation at 23.5 degrees offset of the axis from the direction perpendicular to the Earth’s orbital plane. The direction of the rotational axis stays nearly fixed in space, even as the Earth revolves around the sun once a year. As a result, when the Earth is at a certain place in its orbit, the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and experiences summer. Six months later the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and experiences winter. The seasons are reversed for the Southern hemisphere. Many factors change due to the tilt of the Earth, whether it is at the normal 23.5 degrees, at 45 degrees or at no tilt at all. The tilt of the Earth has a major effect on the seasons around the world and the amount of daylight that each particular geographic location receives. If the Earth were not tilted, the days would act like the equinox at all geographic locations. Thus, each area would experience 12 hour days and 12 hour nights. If the earth were tilted at 45 degrees, days in the Northern hemisphere during winter would be shorter as you move towards the pole. If you were in the Southern hemisphere your days would be longer as you moved towards the pole. The Arctic circle and Antarctica would experience total darkness and total light throughout the year., depending on the amount of direct sunlight that those locations receive. During summer solstice when the Earth is tilted at a 45 degree north slope you would have total darkness and total light, this would of coarse be reversed in the Southern hemisphere. At the equator you would see 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness at the equinox’s. The days would decrease through the winter and then the Spring equinox the days would decrease through summer. The result of this is extreme day changes at the equator. For instance, at summer solstice, our northern tier of states(anywhere north of 45 degrees no... Free Essays on Earths Axis Free Essays on Earths Axis Seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation at 23.5 degrees offset of the axis from the direction perpendicular to the Earth’s orbital plane. The direction of the rotational axis stays nearly fixed in space, even as the Earth revolves around the sun once a year. As a result, when the Earth is at a certain place in its orbit, the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and experiences summer. Six months later the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and experiences winter. The seasons are reversed for the Southern hemisphere. Many factors change due to the tilt of the Earth, whether it is at the normal 23.5 degrees, at 45 degrees or at no tilt at all. The tilt of the Earth has a major effect on the seasons around the world and the amount of daylight that each particular geographic location receives. If the Earth were not tilted, the days would act like the equinox at all geographic locations. Thus, each area would experience 12 hour days and 12 hour nights. If the earth were tilted at 45 degrees, days in the Northern hemisphere during winter would be shorter as you move towards the pole. If you were in the Southern hemisphere your days would be longer as you moved towards the pole. The Arctic circle and Antarctica would experience total darkness and total light throughout the year., depending on the amount of direct sunlight that those locations receive. During summer solstice when the Earth is tilted at a 45 degree north slope you would have total darkness and total light, this would of coarse be reversed in the Southern hemisphere. At the equator you would see 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness at the equinox’s. The days would decrease through the winter and then the Spring equinox the days would decrease through summer. The result of this is extreme day changes at the equator. For instance, at summer solstice, our northern tier of states(anywhere north of 45 degrees no...

Bluebeard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bluebeard - Essay Example The plot of the story in the three versions has not changed significantly, although a few differences can be seen in the three stories. For instance, in the story of Mr. Fox, the bride is in love with the man and chooses to go and live with him, although she had many other suitors. In the other two versions, the brides did not voluntarily choose to get married to the man. In Fitcher’s Bird, for example, the ladies would be magically thrown into the poor beggar’s basket when they shook hands, while the young girl in The Robber Bridegroom was married off to the man by her father. Another difference was noted in the characteristics of the bridegroom. Both Mr. Fox and the wizard disguised as a poor beggar were rich and lived in fine houses. The wizard provided the bride with everything that she wished for in terms of material wealth. However, it was on condition that she was not to enter into a special room where he had killed and butchered his previous wives. Unlike the other bridegrooms, the wizard appears to be genuinely looking for a wife because he tells the youngest sister that she has passed the test and would now become his bride. The robber, on the other hand, lived in an eerie house deep in the forest, where he and his friends would take young girls and eat them. Just like Mr. Fox, it is clear he was not interested in having a wife at all. Some aspects of the original story have also changed significantly. The demise of the evil bridegroom is different in most stories although some of them are almost similar such as the story of Mr. Fox and The Robber Bridegroom. The brides discover their inhumane deeds and tactfully report them in front of the guests by pretending that they saw them in their dreams. The use of riddles and figurative language is a common feature in most stories as it makes the story more interesting. It was also commonly used in normal speech among the people during the time when the stories were written. Fairy tales